Consumers of bear bile run the risk of ingesting bile from sick bears, which can be contaminated with blood, feces, pus, urine, and bacteria. Bears may suffer infections, starvation, dehydration, diseases, and malignant tumors, and they often die from these ailments. The animals are often sedated with ketamine or restrained with ropes, cages, or metal jackets during the extraction process. Metal catheters may begin to rust or decompose within the bear’s body. This is considered somewhat more humane, but catheters may be left in indefinitely, causing irritation and infection. Or captors can create an open duct from the bear’s gallbladder to its abdomen, allowing the bile to drip freely. Bile can be drained via a catheter, syringe, or pipe inserted into the gallbladder. The extraction of bile is invasive and often painful. The bears are often kept in cages so small they cannot turn around or stand up. Bear-bile farming has been widely condemned for being inhumane. They have a life expectancy of 20 to 30 years in the wild, but they can survive up to 35 years in captivity, meaning they can spend decades at a farm. Nonetheless, today thousands of bears are kept in cages for this purpose, primarily in China but also in Vietnam, Laos, and Myanmar.Īsiatic black bears, also known as moon bears, sun bears, and brown bears are some of the most common species farmed for bile. While farming was intended as a way to take pressure off wild bears being poached for their gall bladders, many consumers prefer bile from wild bears, believing it to have more medicinal strength. FarmingĬhina began farming bears to extract their bile in the 1980s. It’s also sometimes used an ingredient in household products like toothpaste, acne treatment, tea, and shampoo as a way to expand the market for bear bile beyond traditional medicine, according to Animals Asia. This acid is medically proven to help dissolve gallstones and treat liver disease.īear bile, however, is also marketed as a cure for cancer, colds, hangovers, and more, though there is no scientific evidence supporting its effectiveness for these ailments. In the early 1900s, scientists discovered that bear bile, a fluid that’s secreted by the liver and stored in the gallbladder, contains a significant amount of ursodeoxycholic acid- more than other animals like pigs or cows. When you play a part four times, the little idiosyncrasies and inconsistencies-as long as you're a really tight player-add another layer of dynamics to the guitars.Bear bile has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years, with the first reference appearing in an eighth century medical text prescribing bear bile for maladies like epilepsy, hemorrhoids, and heart pain. Rutan adds, "Rob and I are very proficient at duplicating our performances tightly and that really adds to that wall of sound. "We try to play through each track as far as we can without doing punches, but this stuff isn't easy and we do punch in when it's a tricky part." "As soon as you get to the second track, it gets smoother and you can keep going," he says. You get a different character and dynamic in the overall tone that you don't even know is missing until you add that second amp in."įrom Barrett's perspective, the hardest part about the quad tracking process is simply getting through the first track. We'll have guitar tracks three and four around 5 to 7 dB lower in the mix than the main tracks. Then we find a second tone to add in for the third and fourth tracks, and that tone is not really about how it sounds on its own, but what it contributes to the overall sound when combined with the main tone. Rutan breaks down the madness behind the method: "Part of what I like to do is color the four tracks with multiple amps, so we'll start with a defining tone, which will be the main tone panned left and right. Rather than reamping a single performance or splitting the guitar signal to multiple amps to capture several sources in one take, the two guitarists each had to provide four individual performances of every one of the new album's challenging, often tremolo-picked, rhythm parts. The producer is adamant about quad-tracking rhythm guitars, a technique he says is key to creating the brutal wall of chainsaw axes that is Cannibal Corpse's calling card. Longtime producer Erik Rutan stepped into the guitar chair on Violence Unimagined, marking his first time as a songwriter for the band.Īfter working on five albums with the band, Rutan may have mastered the clandestine art of recording Cannibal Corpse, but that doesn't mean it's an easy gig. Stacking Up Corpses: Building the Band’s Rhythm Guitar Sound
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